转子叶片缘板阻尼器设计分析

为了有效解决工程中转子叶片缘板阻尼器的设计分析问题,利用谐波平衡法代替高成本的非线性分析,建立阻尼器所能提供的阻尼比表达式,其中使用带圆角的平板模型来刻画缘板阻尼器的特征,获得接触面切向接触刚度,且其只随阻尼器轴向长度与接触区域宽度一半的比值以及材料参数的变化而改变。通过对叶片模型进行有限元分析,分析了不同设计参数对阻尼比特性曲线的影响,为阻尼器的设计和优化提供了理论依据。以本文的模型为例,在50MPa的许用振动应力下,当阻尼器质量约为6g时,该阻尼器所能提供的阻尼比最大,约为3.1%。该方法为缘板阻尼器设计提供了一种新的思路。     

不同叶片尾缘结构对流换热特性实验

为了研究不同叶片尾缘结构对对流换热系数的影响规律,设计了三种尾缘结构,并搭建了实验台,采用红外热像仪对叶片尾缘的壁温进行测量。研究结果表明,（1）三种尾缘结构的对流换热系数沿壁面的分布有很大差异,针对实验件I,对流换热系数存在一最大值,且最大值出现的位置随着吹风比的增加而逐渐远离气膜出口;（2）实验件II和III的对流换热系数沿壁面均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但降低的规律二者又不相同;（3）在相同壁面位置,实验件III的对流换热系数最高,而实验件I的对流换热系数最低,因此可以认为,实验件III所示的尾缘结构更有利于对叶片尾缘更好的冷却。     

生物膜法在微污染水源水预处理中的应用

微污染水源水的传统净水工艺对有机物的去除率较低，若采用生物膜法去除微污染水源水中的溶解态有机物，既比常规净水工艺效果好又经济有效，具有一定的优势和发展前景。     

Thermal state calculation of chamber in small thrust liquid rocket engine for steady state pulsed mode

This paper presents a method of thermal state calculation of combustion chamber in small thrust liquid rocket engine. The goal is to predict the thermal state of chamber wall by using basic parameters of engine: thrust level, propellants, chamber pressure, injection pattern, film cooling parameters, material of wall and their coating, etc. The difficulties in modeling the startup and shutdown processes of thrusters lie in the fact that there are the conjugated physical processes occurring at various parameters for non-design conditions. A mathematical model to predict the thermal state of the combustion chamber for different engine operation modes is developed. To simulate the startup and shutdown processes, a quasi-steady approach is applied by replacing the transient process with time-variant operating parameters of steady-state processes. The mathematical model is based on several principles and data commonly used for heat transfer modeling: geometry of flow part, gas dynamics of flow, thermodynamics of propellants and combustion spices, convective and radiation heat flows, conjugated heat transfer between hot gas and wall, and transient approach for calculation of thermal state of construction. Calculations of the thermal state of the combustion chamber in single-turn-on mode show good convergence with the experimental results. The results of pulsed modes indicate a large temperature gradient on the internal wall surface of the chamber between pulses and the thermal state of the wall strongly depends on the pulse duration and the interval.     

SnO2薄膜在可见光区的气敏透光研究

研制以ＳｎＯ２江膜作敏感材料的气敏比色皿，发现在可见光区透射率随被测气体浓度伯增大而增大，并解释敏感机理。     

旋转对气膜冷却影响的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟,考察了旋转影响气膜冷却的物理机制。参考实验模型,用带有30°倾斜圆柱孔的平板模拟涡轮转子叶片的吸力面,冷气出口雷诺数为1300,冷气和主流的吹风比为0.5,计算了静止和旋转数为0.2两种条件下的流动和换热,全面展示了旋转对平均流场、涡量、湍流结构和壁面温度分布的影响,并由此对实验现象进行了解释。结果表明,旋转使气膜孔下游的对转涡对产生不对称性;旋转引发的哥氏力使气膜冷却流场中的发夹型漩涡结构向高半径方向偏移,引起涡量分布的改变;旋转破坏了发夹涡的连续性,减少了对主流的卷吸和主流传递给冷气的热量,从而提高了冷却核心区的冷却效率,与实验中观察到的现象一致。     

光电经纬仪判读误差分析技术与应用

结合实际任务,从不同角度分析了光电经纬仪判读误差,建立了一组直观、实用的误差分析方法,并由此构建了比对残差平稳性的统计检验与趋势项分离方法。     

基于源项法的气膜冷却涡轮叶片多目标优化

以GE-E³高压涡轮第一级气冷导叶为研究对象,通过多目标遗传算法优化气膜孔布局以降低叶片表面温度。其中采用源项法模拟全场气膜冷却效果,该方法节省计算量的同时无需对气膜孔划分网格,通过对比实验结果后认为,源项法可以较好地模拟出冷气覆盖效果如表面动量损失等。在此基础上采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II),以气膜孔的出气角及流向位置为设计变量,以叶片表面最高温度及平均温度为优化目标。结果表明叶片表面温度分布有所改善,其中压力面优化效果要好于吸力面。      

污染物沉积和热障涂层脱落对气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

污染物沉积到有热障涂层的涡轮叶片上之后,会导致叶片表面状况的改变,进而影响气膜冷却效率。为分析影响规律,利用三维数值计算研究了3种典型情况下的气膜冷却特性:污染物沉积、热障涂层脱落及气膜孔堵塞,并得到了吹风比的影响规律。研究结果表明,平板气膜冷却吹风比为0.5时,冷却效果最佳;在发生沉积和堵塞后,气膜孔附近产生的反旋涡对会削弱沉积和堵塞后的气膜冷却效率,沉积高度增加会强化这种削弱效果;由于在沉积情况下高吹风比会诱导出正向旋涡使得气膜贴近壁面,因此随着吹风比增大,气膜冷却效果增强;因涂层脱落而在孔下游产生的裂纹在低吹风比时会降低冷却效率,高吹风比时改进冷却效果,使得最佳吹风比由0.5上升到0.7左右;气膜孔堵塞会降低冷却效率,使得气膜更易脱离壁面。      

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a flexible asymmetric aero-engine rotor system in maneuvering flight

Aero-engine rotor systems installed in aircraft are considered to have a base motion. In this paper, a flexible asymmetric rotor system is modeled considering the nonlinear supports of ball bearings and Squeeze Film Dampers (SFDs), and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system under maneuvering flight are systematically studied. Effects of the translational accelerative motions, the angular motions and the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions on nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor system are investigated. The results show that, due to the nonlinear coupled effects among the rotor, ball bearings and SFDs, within the first bending resonance region, responses of the rotor show obvious nonlinear characteristics such as bistable phenomenon, amplitude jumping phenomenon and non-synchronous vibration. Translational acceleration motion of the aircraft leads to axis offset of the rotor system and thus results in the reduction and the final disappearance of the bistable rotating speed region. The pitching angular motion mainly affects rotational vibration of the rotor system, and thus further induces their transverse vibrations. For the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions, a critical flight parameter is found to correspond to the conversion of two steady responses of the rotor system, in which one response displays small amplitude and synchronous vibration, and the other shows large amplitude and non-synchronous vibration.